Moderation of Madhhabs in West Sumatra Towards Hadhanah of Minors Whose Mothers Remarry

Hamda Sulfinadia; Jurna Petri Roszi

doi:10.22373/ujhk.v7i2.23941

Moderation of Madhhabs in West Sumatra Towards Hadhanah of Minors Whose Mothers Remarry

Hamda Sulfinadia, Jurna Petri Roszi

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of the fiqh madhhab of West Sumatran society regarding the hadhanah rights of minors whose mothers remarry. The study aimed to map the moderation of the West Sumatran madhhab of society, known as the Shafi'i madhhab. This research uses qualitative methods with a sociological approach to law. Seventeen cases were found in 3 research locations: Pariaman, Luhak Agam, and Luhak Fifty Cities. The location was chosen because it is an area with a higher level of moderation than other regions in West Sumatra. The location of this study was determined using a purposive random sample technique. In the people of West Sumatra, the right of hadhanah remains with the mother, even if the mother remarries. This opinion is in harmony with that of the Maliki Madhhab. The matrilineal kinship system in Minangkabau also supports this: the child belongs to the mother and her family. When the mother's father is divorced, the child follows his mother. However, in 3 cases, it was found that the father took away the rights of a minor whose mother remarried. Basically, the people of West Sumatra have practiced the moderation of mazhab. This is evident from their practice, where they indirectly practice the diversity of mazhab opinions in the case of hadhanah of minors whose mothers remarry.

Keywords

Madhhab moderation; Hadhanah, the mother who remarried

Full Text:

PDF

References

Journals and Books

Ackerman, M.J. “Child custody evaluation practices: Where we were, where we are, and where we are going.” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 09:12:44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000380.

Adi, Muhammad Fitri. “Hadhonah Rights of Children (Not Mumayyis) Based on Compilation of Islamic Law and Child Protection Act.” NUSANTARA: Journal Of Law Studies 2, no. 1 (2023).

Al-Imam, Imam Abu Ishaq. I. al-Syairazi al-al-Fairuzabadi. Al-Muhadzdzab fii Fiqh al-Imam al-Syafi’i Daar al Kutub al Ilmiyah. Daar al Kutub al Ilmiyah, 1992.

Al-Masyhur, Abdurrahman. “Bughyah al Mustarsyidin.” Kediri: Hidayatut Tulab, t. th, 1994.

Al-Sharmani, Mulki. “Child Custody in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice in Egypt since the Sixteenth Century.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 141, no. 3 (2021).

Asni, Asni. “Putusan Serta Merta Dalam Perkara Hadhanah Di Pengadilan Agama Dalam Rangka Perlindungan Anak.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 15, no. 1 (11 Juni 2021). https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4115.

Aulia, F. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Hak Asuh (Hadhanah) Anak Akibat Perceraian.” Pro Justicia: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2022). https://jurnal.iairm-ngabar.com/index.php/projus/article/view/266.

Axelson, Tammi, dan Jennifer Gentile. “Are Child Custody Evaluations Beneficial to Family Law Judges? A Study From the Judicial Perspective.” Family Court Review, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 09:47:43 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12772.

Baude, Amandine, Sylvie Drapeau, Véronique Lachance, dan Hans Ivers. “Adjustment of Children in Joint Custody and Associated Variables: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Child Custody 16, no. 4 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2019.1691106.

Beckmeyer, J.J. “A Multidimensional Perspective on Former Spouses’ Ongoing Relationships: Associations With Children’s Postdivorce Well-Being.” Family Relations 70, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12504.

Bergström, M. “Children with Two Homes: Psychological Problems in Relation to Living Arrangements in Nordic 2- to 9-year-olds.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818769173.

———. “Importance of living arrangements and coparenting quality for young children’s mental health after parental divorce: A cross-sectional parental survey.” BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000657.

Braver, Sanford L., dan Ashley M. Votruba. “Does Joint Physical Custody ‘Cause’ Children’s Better Outcomes? 1.” The Routledge international handbook of shared parenting and best interest of the child, 2021.

Brophy, J. “Child Care and The Growth of Power: the Status of Mothers in Child Custody Disputes.” Women-in-Law: Explorations in Law, Family, and Sexuality, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 09:12:44 (2022).

Canda, Edward R., Leola Dyrud Furman, dan Hwi-Ja Canda. Spiritual Diversity in Social Work Practice: The Heart of Helping. Oxford University Press, USA, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=x5KwDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=The+social+and+cultural+environment+also+plays+a+role+in+shaping+religious+character,+with+the+importance+of+self-awareness,+the+development+of+moral+awareness,+and+social+contributions+inspired+by+religious+values.&ots=Rt4WiyAJpv&sig=Z0L-4O_Lp7DTnz5rX3sV27HjD7k.

Cao, Y. “Caregiver Engagement in the Behavioral Health Screening and Assessment for Child Welfare-Involved Children: Child Welfare and Behavioral Health Workers’ Perspectives.” Journal of Public Child Welfare 13, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2018.1494665.

Clements-Nolle, K. “Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Juvenile Offenders: The Protective Influence of Resilience and Youth Assets.” Journal of Adolescent Health 64, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.025.

Costa, L.L.F. “Gender Stereotypes Underlie Child Custody Decisions.” European Journal of Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2523.

Denne, E. “Understanding How Social Worker Compassion Fatigue and Years of Experience Shape Custodial Decisions.” Child Abuse and Neglect 95, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 09:12:44 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104036.

Firdaus, MF. “Pengasuhan Anak yang Belum Mumayyiz kepada Ayah Kandung Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” JURNAL AZ-ZAWAJIR, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2020). http://www.ejournal.iaitfdumai.ac.id/index.php/jaz/article/view/262.

Fitrotun, S. “Perlindungan Anak Dalam UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 dalam Perspektif Fikih Hadhanah.” Istidal: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2022). https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JSHI/article/view/3258.

Ford, K. “Adverse childhood experiences: A retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population.” Health and Justice 8, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-020-00115-5.

Gani, BA, dan A Mughnia. “Konsep Hadhanah Perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i dan Implementasinya dalam Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kota Banda Aceh Nomor 314/Pdt G/2017/MS Bna.” El-Hadhanah: Indonesian Journal Of …, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2021). https://journal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/Hadhanah/article/download/1615/845.

Gunardi, S, HAR Shah, LA Mutalib, WAFW Ismail, dan ... Hadhanah Menurut Mazhab Syafie Dan Mazhab Hanafi Serta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam Di Malaysia: Tinjauan Awal. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49. oarep.usim.edu.my, 2020. https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/16353.

Gushairi, G. “Konsep Shared Parenting dalam Hadhanah Pasca Perceraian; Kajian Perundang-Undangan Perkawinan Islam Kontemporer.” Hukum Islam, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2020). http://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/hukumislam/article/view/12169.

Habibi, Bariq, Tarmizi M. Jakfar, dan Hajarul Akbar. “Penyelesaian Perkara Hadhanah (Studi Terhadap Pertimbangan Hakim Pada Kasus No. 0138/Pdt.G/2015/Ms.Bna dan No. 13/Pdt.G/2016/Ms.Aceh).” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 4, no. 2 (31 Desember 2021). https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v4i2.7736.

Hamzah, H, OS Mukhlas, dan ... “Hak-hak Perempuan Pasca Perceraian dalam Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam.” Usroh: Jurnal Hukum …, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2022). http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/usroh/article/view/12239.

Harlina, Y, dan S Asiyah. “Putusan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Pekanbaru tentang Hadhanah Pasca Perceraian Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Jurnal An-Nahl, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2020). https://annahl.staile.ac.id/index.php/annahl/article/view/17.

Ibn ’Abidin. Raddu al-Muhtar. Dar al-Kitab al-’Alamiyah, 2003.

Iksan, Iksan, dan Ahmad Ali Mashudi. “Tracing the Judicial Reasoning of Non-Muslim Mothers’ Parenting Rights: Comparative Fiqh of the Four Mazhabs and the Compilation of Islamic Law.” SHAKHSIYAH BURHANIYAH: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2022).

Jamal, Ridwan, Rosdalina Bukido, dan Yasin Yasin. “Pertimbangan Perkara Pemeliharaan Anak di Pengadilan Agama Manado.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 November (11 November 2021). https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i2.2453.

Js (Ibu Ft). Wawancara, Luhak Agam, 10 November 2023.

Khaw, Lyndal, Autumn M. Bermea, Jennifer L. Hardesty, Daniel Saunders, dan Angela M. Whittaker. “‘The system had choked me too’: Abused mothers’ perceptions of the custody determination process that resulted in negative custody outcomes.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36, no. 9–10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518791226.

Kuvalanka, K.A. “An Exploratory Study of Custody Challenges Experienced by Affirming Mothers of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Children.” Family Court Review 57, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12387.

Leclair, Véronique, Annick St-Amand, dan Ève-Line Bussières. “Association between child custody and postseparation coparenting: A meta-analysis.” Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne 60, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000140.

Lenain, Catherine, dan Billie Lever Taylor. “A Qualitative Exploration of Parenting Representations Amongst Mothers with Young Children on The Edge of Care.” Child & Family Social Work 28, no. 3 (Agustus 2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12987.

Malayudha, Achmad Gusti, Widya Sari, dan Angga Puja Asiandu. “Indonesian Inheritance System Based on Islamic Law, Civil Code, Matrilineal Customs, and Gender Equality Perspectives.” SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan 6, no. 1 (2023).

Maqdisi, Ibn Qudamah al-. “Al-Mughni fi Fiqh al-Imam Ahmad b Hanbal.” Riyadh: Dar „Alam al-Kutub, 1997.

Mareta, V, dan MJ Achmad. “Perlindungan terhadap Pengabaian Hak Asuh Anak Akibat Perceraian.” … Journal of Law …, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 10:34:49 (2022). http://bureaucracy.gapenas-publisher.org/index.php/home/article/view/146.

Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. XI. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2000.

Nasution, Adelina, Pagar Pagar, dan Asmuni Asmuni. “The Disparity Of Judge’s Verdict On Child Custody Decision In Aceh Sharia Court.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12758.

Noviana, Lia, Lukman Santoso, dan Mega Puspita. “Interpreting Legal Rights: Disparities in Judicial Treatment of Children Born Out of Wedlock in East Java, Indonesia.” Lex Scientia Law Review 8, no. 1 (22 September 2024). https://doi.org/10.15294/lslr.v8i1.4606.

“Parenting Styles, Coparenting, and Early Child Adjustment in Separated Families with Child Physical Custody Processes Ongoing in Family Court - PubMed.” Diakses 24 Oktober 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34438520/.

Podungge, Mohamad Salman, dan Siah Khosyi’ah. “The Portrait of Children Custody Rights in Indonesia: A Study of Mother’s Rights in Child Custody from Gender Perspective.” Khazanah Sosial 4, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v4i3.18845.

Poespasari, Ellyne Dwi. “The Development of Inheritance Customary Legal Norm on Minangkabau Indigenous Society.” Tribuna Juridică 10, no. 2 (2020).

Putra, M. Taufan Perdana, dan M. Alfaris. “Reality of Indonesian Marriage Law Concerning Post-Divorce Child Custody.” Radiant 2, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.52187/rdt.v2i2.50.

Ramadhan, Suci, dan Jm Muslimin. “Indonesian Religious Court Decisions on Child Custody Cases: Between Positivism and Progressive Legal Thought.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 1 (10 Juni 2022). https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5723.

Rika, Saraswati. “Accommodating the ‘Best Interests of the Child’ in Custody Disputes in the Indonesian System/s of Family Law.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 35, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebab011.

Shaw, Morgan, dan Robert Geffner. “Alienation and Reunification Issues in Family Courts: Theory, Research, and Programs in Child Custody Cases.” Journal of Family Trauma, Child Custody & Child Development 19, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/26904586.2022.2151145.

Starkweather, Kathrine, dan Monica Keith. “One Piece of the Matrilineal Puzzle: The Socioecology of Maternal Uncle Investment.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1780 (2 September 2019): 20180071. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0071.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Vol. 25. Bandung: Alfa Beta, 2008.

Sulfinadia, Hamda, Jurna Petri Roszi, Rosdialena Rosdialena, Eli Suryani, dan Anisa Fitri. “Implementation of Aqiqah in the Bulan Maulid in Nagari Padang Laweh West Sumatra Perspective’Urf.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 November (9 November 2023). https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.6800.

Fadhilah, dan Devi Sukma Ayuningtyas. “The Application of the Best Interest of the Child Principle as a Basis for Determining Child Custody.” Unram Law Review 4, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v4i2.126.

Yusuf, A. Muri. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif & Penelitian Gabungan. Prenada Media, 2016.

Zartler, U. “Children and parents after separation.” Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family, no. Query date: 2023-12-28 09:12:44 (2021).

Widjaja, Angela Melani, Ike Yeni Kartika Sari, Hasna Firaz Isza

Interviews

Interview with AI, Luhak Lima Puluh Kota, December 2023.

Interview with Ay, Pariaman, October 2023.

Interview with Bi, Pariaman, October 2023.

Interview with BY, Luhak Agam, November 11, 2023.

Interview with Dd, Pariaman, December 2023.

Interview with EN, di luhak Lima Puluh Kota, November 11, 2023.

Interview with HM, Luhak Agam, November 11, 2023.

Interview with IB, Pariaman, October 2023.