MATRIFOCALITY AND ITS IMPLICATION TO THE PRACTICE  OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW IN THE PATRIARCHAL  MUSLIM SOCIETY OF GAYO, INDONESIA

A Arfiansyah; Nanda Amalia; Anton Widyanto

doi:10.22373/jiif.v23i2.18209

MATRIFOCALITY AND ITS IMPLICATION TO THE PRACTICE OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW IN THE PATRIARCHAL MUSLIM SOCIETY OF GAYO, INDONESIA

A Arfiansyah, Nanda Amalia, Anton Widyanto

Abstract

Many scholars have studied matrifocality in Indonesia as a social system in a matrilineal community. Few observe matrifocality as a practice in a purely patriarchal society. This research examines emerging matrifocality in the pure patriarchal Gayo community of Aceh province. The emergence started with the invention of the coffee plantation, which led the Gayonese people to rearrange their social system and invent a new residential marriage pattern that led the matrifocality into practice. This research conducted some phases of fieldwork; intensive ethnographical fieldwork was conducted in 2014-2015, which was updated in 2018-2019 in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah districts. The standard qualitative method (interview and observation) was also applied to several Gayonese academicians and professionals living in Banda Aceh municipality, the capital of Aceh Province, to see the practice of Islamic family law in their families. This research found that the invention of economic sources prompted Gayonese people to migrate internally, which resulted in practicing neolocal marriage. This new marriage pattern started the matrifocality practice that set a new power relationship of the purely patriarchal society to a relatively equal one. This happened once with the increasing Islamization of the area. Instead of strengthening patriarchal tradition, it gives space for women to assert their role and rights over property equality with men.

Keywords

neolocal; matrifocality; Islamic law; women; daughter; coffee plantation

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abubakar, Al Yasa’. Metode Istislahiah: Pemamfaatan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Ushul Fiqh. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2016.

Adésínà, Jìmí O. “Re-Appropriating Matrifocality: Endogeneity and African Gender Scholarship,” 2010.

Auda, Jasser. Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008.

Auni, Luthfi, Abdul Manan, and Al Yasa Abubakar. “Factors Changing the Gayo Ethnic’s Traditional Marriage Procession in Lut Tawar Sub-District of Takengon, Central Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 703–33. https://doi.org/10.22373/SJHK.V6I2.14888.

Inayatillah, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, Asy’ari Asy’ari, and Muhammad Faisal. “Social History of Islamic Law from Gender Perspective in Aceh: A Study of Marriage Traditions in South Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 573–93. https://doi.org/10.22373/SJHK.V6I2.14598.

Bener Meriah, BPS. “Kabupaten Bener Meriah Dalam Angka 2018.” Annual Report. Bener Meriah: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bener Meriah, 2018. https://benermeriahkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/d89d936e4607be96a60ab5f9/kabupaten-bener-meriah-dalam-angka-2018.html.

Blanchy, Sophie. “A Matrilineal and Matrilocal Muslim Society in Flux: Negotiating Gender and Family Relations in the Comoros.” Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 89, no. 1 (2019): 21–39.

Bowen, John R. “Consensus and Suspicion: Judicial Reasoning and Social Change in an Indonesian Society 1960-1994.” Law & Society Review 34, no. 1 (2000): 97–127.

———. Sumatran Politics and Poetics: Gayo History, 1900-1989. New Haven, Conn, etc: Yale University Press, 1991.

———. “The Transformation of an Indonesian Property System: ‘Adat,’ Islam, and Social Change in the Gayo Highlands.” American Ethnologist 15, no. 2 (1988): 274–93.

———. “‘You May Not Give It Away’: How Social Norms Shape Islamic Law in Contemporary Indonesian Jurisprudence.” Islamic Law and Society 5, no. 3 (1998): 382–408.

Coubat, A.Sy. Adat Perkawinan Gayo: Kerje Beraturen. Jakarta: PNRI & Balai Pustaka, 1984.

El Ibrahimy, M Nur. Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh: Perannya Dalam Pergolakan Di Aceh. Jakarta: PT. Gunung Agung, 1986.

Evelyn, Blackwood. “Big Houses and Small Houses: Doing Matriliny in West Sumatra.” Etnos 64, no. 1 (1999): 32–56.

Frankenberg, Elizabeth, and Randall Kuhn. “The Implications of Family Systems and Economic Context for Intergenerational Transfers in Indonesia and Bangladesh,” 2004.

Hamka. Adat Minangkabau menghadapi revolusi. Tjet. ke-2.. Djakarta: Tekad, 1963.

Humas. “Menjaga Kualitas Kopi Gayo.” Government. Biro Humas dan Protokol Pemerintah Aceh, June 29, 2019. https://humas.acehprov.go.id/menjaga-kualitas-kopi-gayo/.

Inglehart, R., and W. E. Baker. “Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values.” American Sociological Review 65, no. 1 (2000): 19–51.

Inglehart, Ronald. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton: University Press, 2020.

Jackson, Cecile. “Modernity and Matrifocality: The Feminization of Kinship?” Development and Change 46, no. 1 (2015): 1–24.

Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, BPS. “Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Dalam Angka 2018.” Annual Report. Takengon: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, 2018. https://acehtengahkab.bps.go.id/publication/2018/08/16/914cfdecdd74bd8ae0a70ca8/kabupaten-aceh-tengah-dalam-angka-2018.html.

Keasberry, I. N. “Elder Care and Intergenerational Relationships in Rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia.” Ageing and Society 21, no. 5 (2001): 641–65.

MALHOTRA, A. “Gender and Changing Generational Relations: Spouse Choice in Indonesia.” Demography 28, no. 4 (1991): 549–70.

Marietta, Morrissey. “Gender, Race, and Kinship: Searching for the Matrifocal Family,” n.d.

Morris, Eric Eugene. Islam and Politics in Aceh: A Study of Center-Periphery Relations in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.

Mursyid, Salmah, and Nasruddin Yusuf. “Changes in Marriage Age Limits and Marriage Dispensations: A Study of Causes and Impacts on the Religious Courts in North Sulawesi.” Samarah 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 975–96. https://doi.org/10.22373/SJHK.V6I2.12439.

Naṣr, Ḥusayn. Ideals and Realities of Islam. London [etc.]: Aquarian, 1994.

PaEni, Mukhlis. Riak di laut tawar: kelanjutan tradisi dalam perubahan sosial di Gayo-Aceh Tengah. Cet. 1.. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, 2003.

Pinan, A.R Hakim Aman. “Pelestarian Budaya Tradisional Masyarakat Pendukungnya.” Unpublished, 1997.

———. Pesona Tanoh Gayo. Edited by Nasaruddin and Aqli H. Takengon: Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, 2003.

Putra Jaya, Sahdansyah. “Sistem Kekerabatan Suku Gayo Bukan Patrilineal Murni – Lintas Gayo.” News, April 20, 2014. http://www.lintasgayo.com/47921/sistem-kekerabatan-suku-gayo-bukan-patrilineal-murni.html.

Rammohan, Anu, and Meliyanni Johar. “The Determinants of Married Women’s Autonomy in Indonesia.” Feminist Economics, Feminist Economics, 15, no. 4 (2009): 31–55.

Schrijvers, Joke, and Els Postel-Coster. “Minangkabau women: Change in a matrilineal society.” Archipel 13, no. 1 (1977): 79–103.

Siegel, James T. The Rope of God. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.

Sjamsuddin, Nazaruddin. The Republican Revolt: A Study of the Acehnese Rebellion. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1985.

Snouck Hurgronje, C. Tanah Gayo dan penduduknya. Seri INIS; XXV. Jakarta: INIS, 1996.

Srimulyani, Eka. “Islam, Adat, and the State: Matrifocality in Aceh Revisited.” Al-Jami’ah : Journal of Islamic Studies 48, no. 2 (2010): 321–42.

———. “Women and Matrimonial Lives in Aceh ‘Matrifocal’ Society: A Preliminary Survey.” Heritage of Nusantara 4, no. 2 (December 2015): 313–28.

Wardatun, Atun. “Matrifocality and Collective Solidarity in Practicing Agency: Marriage Negotiation Among the Bimanese Muslim Women in Eastern Indonesia.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 20, no. 2 (2019): 43–57.

ʿAbd al-ʿĀṭī, Ḥammūda. The Family Structure in Islam. Lagos: Islamic Publications Bureau, 1982.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v23i2.18209

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Welcome to Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura (JIIF) open journal system. Thank you very much for visiting. We are looking forward to getting your research articles

Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura

All works are licensed under CC-BY

©Published by Center for Research and Community Service (LP2M) in cooperation with the Postgraduate Program of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.

Username
Password
Remember me