Pengaruh Fma Dan Pupuk Organik Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) Pada Lahan Kritis

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) dan pupuk organik terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) pada lahan kritis. Sampel tanah diambil dari Desa Bukit Meusara, Jantho, Aceh Besar dengan kedalaman 0 – 20 cm pada jenis tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Penelitian ditata menurut rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 4x3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama, FMA dengan 3 jenis yaitu tanpa mikoriza, Glomus sp. dan mikoriza campuran masing-masing sebanyak 10 g polibag-1. Faktor kedua, pupuk organik dengan 4 jenis yaitu tanpa pupuk, pupuk kandang, kompos dan guano masing-masing sebanyak 30 ton ha-1 setara 150 g polibag-1. Hasil pengamatan diuji dengan analisis ragam pada α=5%. Hasil uji sifat kimia tanah menunjukkan pemberian FMA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH KCl, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, K-dd dan KTK tanah. Pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH H2O, P-tersedia, K-dd dan KTK tanah. Interaksi FMA dengan pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH H2O, pH KCl, P-tersedia dan KTK tanah. Pada pertumbuhan dan kandungan hara tanaman, interaksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 20 dan 40 HST, jumlah daun pada 20 dan 40 HST, berat kering berangkasan atas, berat basah berangkasan atas dan kandungan hara N dan P. Mikoriza campuran dengan guano menunjukkan hasil terbaik terhadap perbaikan beberapa sifat kimia tanah, sedangkan pemberian mikoriza campuran dengan pupuk kandang menunjukkan hasil terbaik terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman.

Kata Kunci: Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular, Helianthus annuus L., Lahan Kritis, Pupuk Organik, Sifat Kimia Tanah


This research aimed at finding out the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Organic Fertilizers on soil chemical properties and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on marginal lands. Soil samples were taken from Bukit Meusara village, Jantho, Aceh Besar with the depth of 00-20 cm on the kind of red-yellow podzolic soil. The study was laid out According to a randomized block design pattern 4x3 factorials with three replications. The first factor was the AMF with 3 levels, without mycorrhizae, glomus Sp. and mixed species of mycorrhiza, 10 g polybag-1. The second factor was an organic fertilizer with four levels, without fertilizer, manure, compost and guano each of 30 tons ha -1 equal to 150 g polybags-1. The observation results were analyzed with the analysis of variance at α = 5%. The results were: from the result of soil chemical properties testing, the provision of FMA significantly affected the pH KCl, organic C, total N, available P, K and Cation-exchangable Exchangable Capacity (CEC). Organic Fertilizers significantly influenced the pH of H2O, P-available, K-dd and CEC. The interaction of AMF and Organic Fertilizers significantly affected the pH of H 2O and KCl, available P and CEC. Whereas on sunflower growth and nutrient content, the interaction significantly affected plant height at 20 and 40 Days After Planting (DAP), leaf number at 20 and 40 DAP, dry weight of leaf, wet weight of leaf and plant nutrient content of N and P . The mixed species of mycorrhiza with guano showed the best results to the improvement of some soil chemical properties, while species of mycorrhiza mixed with manure showed the best result of the increasing plant growth.

Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Organic Fertilizers, Soil Chemical Properties, AND Marginal Lands