Measuring Islamic Stock Performance in Indonesia with A Modified Sharpe Ratio

Mohammad Farhan Qudratullah

Abstract


Since the late 1960s, one of the stock performance analysis tools commonly used is Sharpe Ratio. The Sharpe Ratio consists of three components, namely stock return, risk-free returns, and stock risk. Many studies approach risk-free returns with interest rates, including when measuring the performance of Islamic stocks, while interest rates are prohibited in the concept of Islamic finance. Moreover, the stock risk is measured by a standard deviation which assumes returns are normally distributed, while many stock returns are non-normally distributed. This paper intends to measure the performance of Islamic stocks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of January 2011 to July 2018 using a modified Sharpe Ratio. The ratio is modified by replacing the interest rate with four approaches: eliminating the interest rate, changing with zakah rates, changing with inflation, changing with the nominal gross domestic product, and replacing the risk measurement from Standard Deviation to Value at Risk (VaR). The findings provide almost the same results as the original measurement and thus, show very high suitability for using these models in other circumstances. Therefore, on the concept of Islamic finance, risk-free returns can be measured using these four approaches, especially inflation and GDP. This study also recommends inflation and GDP to measure risk-free returns in the Sharia's Compliant Asset Pricing Model (SCAPM) or Islamic Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM).

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ABSTRAK – Pengukuran Kinerja Saham Syariah di Indonesia menggunakan Sharpe Ratio Modifikasi. Sejak akhir 1960-an, salah satu alat mengukur kinerja saham yang biasa digunakan adalah Sharpe Ratio. Model Sharpe Ratio terdiri atas tiga komponen, yaitu return saham, return bebas risiko, dan risiko saham. Return bebas risiko diukur mengunakan variabel suku bunga yang digolongkan riba dan dilarang dalam konsep keuangan islam. Sedangkan risiko saham diukur dengan standar deviasi yang mengasumsikan data berdistribusi normal. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja saham syariah yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) untuk periode Januari 2011 sampai Juli 2018 dengan menggunakan Sharpe Ratio modifikasi. Kajian akan memodifikasi model Sharpe Ratio dengan mencari variabel alternatif penganti suku bunga dengan empat pendekatan, yaitu: menghilangkan variabel suku bunga tersebut, mengganti dengan zakat rate, mengganti dengan inflasi, dan mengganti dengan produk domestik bruto, serta mengganti standar deviasi dengan Value at Risk (VaR) sebagai pengukur risiko saham yang selanjutnya diimplementasikan pada pasar modal syariah di Indonesia periode Januari 2011 - Juli 2018. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kesesuaian yang sangat tinggi untuk hasil pengukuran kelima model tersebut. Dilihat dari kedekatan hasil pengukuran kinerja, kelima model tersebut dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu model dengan tingkat suku bunga, inflasi, dan PDB sebagai kelompok pertama, sedangkan model tanpa suku bunga dan tingkat zakat sebagai kelompok kedua

 

Keywords


Islamic Finance; Islamic Stock Performance; Modified Sharpe Ratio; and Value at Risk

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/share.v10i2.10493

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